Q - RESPIRATORY
Individual with cervical or thoracic SCI should be evaluated for long-term ventilation support when appropriate. Non-invasive respiratory support is the preferred mode for individuals with SCI and respiratory insufficiency. (Adapted from CTS 2011, p.13; Level C)
Phrenic nerve pacing and diaphragmatic pacing in select individuals as an alternative to positive pressure ventilation (PPV) alone. (Adapted from CTS 2011; p.13; Level C)
Individuals with cervical or thoracic SCI require regular assessment to identify the loss of lung volume, retention of respiratory secretions, development of sleep-disordered breathing, and ventilatory failure, to evaluate the need for cough assist techniques and nocturnal positive pressure support. (Adapted from CTS 2011, p.13; Level C)
Individuals with cervicothoracic SCI and evidence of respiratory impairment should receive regular airway clearance techniques, lung volume recruitment (i.e., manually assisted coughing and mechanical in-exsufflation) and ongoing monitoring of pulmonary function to ensure adequate airway clearance. (Adapted from CTS 2011, p.13; Level C)