M - BOWEL
Assessments of neurogenic bowel disease should include psychosocial aspects that are barriers to learning the bowel program, such as cognition (ability to learn and direct others), depression, anxiety, pain, literacy, language, and ethnic or cultural issues. (PVA-NBD 2020, p.455; Level C)
If an individual with SCI is having multiple problems with neurogenic bowel disease or is noncompliant with the bowel program, a formal screening tool should be used to assess depression, anxiety and quality of life. (PVA-NBD 2020, p.455; Level C)