K - BLADDER FUNCTION
Clinicians should routinely discuss with individuals with SCI and their family members and caregivers that indwelling catheters (urethral and suprapubic) are associated with a higher incidence of bladder stones compared with other forms of bladder management. (Adapted from NICE 2012, p. 309; Level C)
Clinicians should educate these individuals to look out for signs that suggest that they should consult a healthcare professional (for example, recurrent infection, recurrent catheter blockages or haematuria). (Adapted from NICE 2012, p. 309; Level C)
Clinicians should discuss with the individual with SCI, family members and caregivers the increased risk of renal complications (e.g., kidney stones, hydronephrosis and scarring) in individuals with neurogenic urinary tract dysfunction. (Adapted from NICE 2012, p.308; Level C)